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While significance tests can be useful as part of a comprehensive analysis, exclusive focus on these tests ignores information of value to the decision process. The panel found the following problems with the current approach to analysis and reporting of test results: However, the vast majority focused on calculating means and percentages of measures of effectiveness and performance, and developing significance tests to compare aggregate means and percentages with target values derived from operational requirements or the performance of baseline systems. In its review of reports documenting the analysis of operational test data, the panel found individual examples of sophisticated analyses. The panel found potential for substantially improving the quality of information that can be made available to decision makers by applying improved statistical methods for analysis and reporting of results. This chapter focuses on how data from operational tests are analyzed and how results are reported to decision makers.

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It was also noted that achieving the full benefit of improved test design requires a design that takes account of how test data are to be analyzed. Chapter 5 argued that substantial improvements in the cost-effectiveness of operational testing can be achieved by test planning and state-of-the-art statistical methods for test design.